Debt and Debt Crises

History of Debt

Reinhart, Carmen M., The Curious Case of the Missing Defaults,  Forthcoming in Journal of International Money and Finance, (available on line, September 2018).

Reinhart, Carmen M., Vincent R. Reinhart and Christoph Trebesch. Global Cycles: Capital Flows, Commodities, and Sovereign Defaults, 1815-2015, American Economic Review, Vol. 106(5), May 2016, 574-580.

Reinhart, Carmen M., and Christoph Trebesch. The International Monetary Fund: Seventy Years of Reinventing Itself Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 30(1) Winter 2016, 3-28.

Reinhart, Carmen M., and Christoph Trebesch Sovereign Debt Relief and its Aftermath, Journal of the European Economic Association, Vol. 14(1), February 2016, 215-251.

The working paper version: Reinhart, Carmen M., and Christoph Trebesch A Distant Mirror of Debt, Default, and Relief. NBER Working Paper 20577, October 2014.

Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem, Carmen M. Reinhart, Kenneth S, Rogoff Sovereign Debt and Financial Crises: Theory and Historical Evidence, Journal of the European Economic Association, Vol. 14(1), February 2016, 1-6.

Reinhart, Carmen M., and Christoph Trebesch The Pitfalls of External Dependence: Greece, 1829-2015, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Fall 2015, 307-328. All Figures, Tables, and Data

Reinhart, Carmen M., Vincent R, Reinhart, and Kenneth S. Rogoff Dealing with Debt, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 86(1), April 2015, 543-555.

Reinhart, Carmen M., and M. Belen Sbrancia, The Liquidation of Government Debt Economic Policy, Vol. 30(82), March 2015, 291-333.

NBER Working Paper 16893, March 2011,

All Figures, Tables, and Data

Reinhart, Carmen M., and Christoph Trebesch :Sovereign-debt relief and its aftermath: The 1930s, the 1990s, the future  Vox EU, October 21, 2014.

Reinhart, Carmen M., Asia Chartbook: Crises, Credit and Debt, 1835-2013NBER Working Paper 19645, November 2013. Companion piece to NBER WP 19642.

Reinhart, Carmen M., Vincent R, Reinhart, and Kenneth S. Rogoff  Public Debt Overhangs: Advanced-Economy Episodes since 1800 Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 26(3), Summer 2012, 69-86.

Online Appendix and Data

Earlier version:  Debt Overhangs: Past and Present, NBER Working Paper 18015.

Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff, The Forgotten History of Domestic Debt, Economic Journal, Vol. 121, Issue 552, May 2011, 319-350.

All Figures and Data

Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff, A Decade of Debt, (Washington DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics, September 2011.

Reinhart, Carmen M., Rong Qian, and Kenneth S. Rogoff  Graduation from Debt, Inflation, and Banking Crises: Elusive or Illusion? in Daron Acemoglu and Michael Woodford, (eds.) NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2010, Vol. 25, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2010, 1-36.

Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff, Debt and Growth Revisited, Vox EU, August 11, 2010.

Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff, Growth in a Time of Debt, American Economic Review, Vol. 100(2), May 2010, 573-578.

The May 6, 2013 correction to our 2010 paper is available here and here.

Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff From Financial Crash to Debt Crisis,. American Economic Review, Vol. 101(5), August, 2011, 1676-1706. 

Online Figures, Tables, and Data

This Time is Different Chartbook: Country Histories on Debt, Default, and Financial Crises, NBER Working Paper15815, March 2010 in Decade of Debt (Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2011).

Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff This Time It's Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly  (Princeton: Princeton University Press, September 2009).

All Figures and Tables

Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff Serial Default and Its Remedies  in Miguel Centeno, Harold James, and J. Londregan, eds. The Political Economy of Recurrent Debt. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies Monograph Series, Number 3, 2005). 4-18.

Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff Serial Default and the "Paradox" of Rich to Poor Capital Flows American Economic Review, Vol. 94, No. 2, May 2004, 53-59.

Reinhart, Carmen M., Kenneth S. Rogoff and Miguel A, Savastano Debt Intolerance, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Vol. 1 Spring 2003, 1-74.

Spanish version:

La Intolerancia a la Deuda con Prólogo (Estímulo fiscal para países con intolerancia a la deuda?) El Trimestre Económico, Mexico, Vol. LXXVI (4), Issue 304, (octubre-diciembre, 2009), 811-884.

Reinhart, Carmen M., Credit Ratings, Default, and Financial Crises, World Bank Economic Review 2002, Vol. 16 No. 2, 2002, 151-170.